Historical security council (Anouk and Marie)
Pauline is the chair for this committee... and so DO ask her if you have any questions.
Srebrenica massacre
This is a very sombre topic, I'm sorry.
The UN largely failed to protect the population...
Your task will be to evaluate what went wrong from the UN's perspective and to try and find ways to stop it from happening again.
Anouk / PR China's position on Srebrenica is not clear but see article below.
Marie / Botswana's position on Srebrenica
Worth noting, Russia is not in favour of protecting the memory of Srebrenica...
The following information is taken from this page:
China and UN Peacekeeping Operations
Since the 1990s, China has transformed from a staunch opponent of peacekeeping oper- ations to one of the main troop-contributing countries. In January 2013, China deployed over 1,868 personnel under the ag of the United Nations (United Nations Peacekeeping 2013a). In terms of its budget contributions, China currently contributes 2.93% of the to- tal UN Peacekeeping budget, compared to 27.14% by the US (United Nations Peacekeep- ing 2013b). This has resulted in a sharp increase in its assessment rate in recent years. China has not been carrying out missions outside of the UN framework (unlike several European countries, the US and NATO), instead emphasizing the core principles of the UN mandate, host country consent, minimal use of force and involvement of regional partners (International Crisis Group 2009b: 18).
The increase in Chinese participation in UNPKO has been attributed to political, eco- nomic and military reasons. Politically, it is a core interest of the Chinese government to create its image as a responsible stakeholder on the global stage, and participation in peacekeeping missions is one of the key ways to achieve this goal. As Chen Bingde, chief of the General Sta of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), said, “China regards participa- tion in international peacekeeping missions as an important way to perform its duty as a responsible country and safeguard world peace“ (Jie 2011). Secondly, the vast majority of peacekeeping missions are based in African countries, many of which entertain close economic and trade relations with Chinese companies and investors (Bi 2011).
This is not unusual, since around three quarters of UN peacekeepers are in Africa.2 Sta- bility in countries such as Congo or Sudan therefore represents a core interest for suc- cessful economic cooperation. Lastly, Chinese military and naval forces have traditionally not acquired much experience in overseas and foreign missions. Peacekeeping missions as well as special antipiracy cooperation provide peaceful opportunities to expose the PLA and the navy to foreign missions and other militaries (Gippner 2012).
Peacekeeping operations form part of Chinese defense policy and Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW). However, as pointed out above, the Ministry of Foreign Af- fairs also plays a role in the decision-making. In a way, they could therefore be seen as a hybrid. The main motivation – projection of the image as a responsible power – stems from the Ministry of Foreign A airs rather than the military, for example, whose main priority is the maintenance of national security and for which peacekeeping in its pres- ent form is not considered a priority. Further, Ling points out, “The personal accounts of former Chinese peacekeepers currently available have all been issued through o cial
2 China has also par cipated in UNPKO in other regions, such as the missions in East Timor, Afghanistan, Hai , Lebanon, Bosnia Herzegovina, Kosovo and Lebanon.
Since the 1990s, China has transformed from a staunch opponent of peacekeeping oper- ations to one of the main troop-contributing countries. In January 2013, China deployed over 1,868 personnel under the ag of the United Nations (United Nations Peacekeeping 2013a). In terms of its budget contributions, China currently contributes 2.93% of the to- tal UN Peacekeeping budget, compared to 27.14% by the US (United Nations Peacekeep- ing 2013b). This has resulted in a sharp increase in its assessment rate in recent years. China has not been carrying out missions outside of the UN framework (unlike several European countries, the US and NATO), instead emphasizing the core principles of the UN mandate, host country consent, minimal use of force and involvement of regional partners (International Crisis Group 2009b: 18).
The increase in Chinese participation in UNPKO has been attributed to political, eco- nomic and military reasons. Politically, it is a core interest of the Chinese government to create its image as a responsible stakeholder on the global stage, and participation in peacekeeping missions is one of the key ways to achieve this goal. As Chen Bingde, chief of the General Sta of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), said, “China regards participa- tion in international peacekeeping missions as an important way to perform its duty as a responsible country and safeguard world peace“ (Jie 2011). Secondly, the vast majority of peacekeeping missions are based in African countries, many of which entertain close economic and trade relations with Chinese companies and investors (Bi 2011).
This is not unusual, since around three quarters of UN peacekeepers are in Africa.2 Sta- bility in countries such as Congo or Sudan therefore represents a core interest for suc- cessful economic cooperation. Lastly, Chinese military and naval forces have traditionally not acquired much experience in overseas and foreign missions. Peacekeeping missions as well as special antipiracy cooperation provide peaceful opportunities to expose the PLA and the navy to foreign missions and other militaries (Gippner 2012).
Peacekeeping operations form part of Chinese defense policy and Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW). However, as pointed out above, the Ministry of Foreign Af- fairs also plays a role in the decision-making. In a way, they could therefore be seen as a hybrid. The main motivation – projection of the image as a responsible power – stems from the Ministry of Foreign A airs rather than the military, for example, whose main priority is the maintenance of national security and for which peacekeeping in its pres- ent form is not considered a priority. Further, Ling points out, “The personal accounts of former Chinese peacekeepers currently available have all been issued through o cial
2 China has also par cipated in UNPKO in other regions, such as the missions in East Timor, Afghanistan, Hai , Lebanon, Bosnia Herzegovina, Kosovo and Lebanon.
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16 | NFG Working Paper No. 05| July 2013
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media outlets that seek to reinforce the image of China as a responsible power that sup-
ports international peace and security, rather than exploring how serving in internation-
al missions has changed Chinese peacekeepers’ attitudes toward procedural protections,
human rights and political inclusiveness” (2007: 49).
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The Suez Crisis
UN Resolutions on Suez Crisis
BBC article on Suez Crisis
USSR (Suez Crises) : Anouk
The USSR might have started a major war... at this time..
Smile.. this odd CIA (secret?) document might make interesting reading..
UK (Suez Crises) : Marie
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